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OSTEOLOGY LABORATORY CHECKLIST

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AXIAL SKELETON

 
* indicates bones to know left vs. right
@ be able to identify disarticulated

THE SKULL:

@Frontal bone

Supraorbital foramen
Coronal suture
Frontal sinus

@Parietal bone

Sagittal suture

@*Temporal bone

Squamosal suture
Zygomatic process (part of zygomatic arch)
Mandibular fossa
External acoustic meatus
Styloid process
Mastoid process
Carotid canal
Jugular foramen
Jugular fossa
Internal acoustic meatus

@Sphenoid bone

Greater wing
Lesser wing
Orbital surface
Foramen ovale
Foramen lacerum
Optic foramen
Sphenoid sinus
Sella turcica
Pterygoid processes

@Ethmoid bone

Perpendicular plate
Crista galli
Cribriform plate
Ethmoid air cells (ethmoid sinuses)
Superior nasal concha
Middle nasal concha
Orbital surface

@Occipital bone

Lambdoidal suture
Foramen magnum
Occipital condyles
Hypoglossal canals

@*Maxillary bone

Palatine process
Maxillary sinus
Alveolar processes
Infraorbital foramen
Anterior palatine foramen

@Palatine bone

Greater palatine foramen

@Zygomatic (malar) bone

Lacrimal bone

Nasal bone

Vomer bone

Inferior nasal concha bone

@Mandible

Body
Angle
Ramus
Symphysis
Mandibular condyle (condylar or condyloid process)
Coronoid process
Alveolar processes
Mental foramen
Mandibular foramen

Sutural (wormian) bones

Fetal skull:

fontanels: anterior fontanel and posterior fontanel 
sutures: sagittal, coronal, squamosal

Ossicles (individual middle ear bones)

@Malleus
@Incus
@Stapes

@Hyoid

AXIAL SKELETON, cont...
THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN:

Know the following general structures for all vertebrae:

superior articular surface (process)
inferior articular surface (process)
transverse process
spinous process
body 
spinal (vertebral) canal (foramen)
intervertebral foramen (this is the vertebral notch on a disarticulated vertebra)

Cervical vertebrae: note that all have transverse foramina.

@Atlas
@Axis

Odontoid process (dens)

Thoracic vertebrae

Rib articulating facets (in general)

Lumbar vertebrae

@Sacrum

Superior articular surfaces (processes or facets)
Sacroiliac articular surfaces (auricular surfaces)
Median sacral crest
Sacral foramina

@Coccyx

THE THORAX:

Ribs

True Ribs (vertebrosternal ribs) - direct anterior sternal attachment; 7 pairs
False Ribs (vertebrochondral ribs) - indirectly attached to the sternum by costal cartilage; 3 pairs

Floating ribs (vertebral ribs, also considered "false ribs") - 11th and 12th rib pairs; no anterior attachment

Sternum

@Manubrium

Jugular notch

@Body (gladiolus)

Costal notches

Xiphoid process (ensiform)

APPENDICULAR SKELETON

SHOULDER (PECTORAL) GIRDLE:

@Clavicle

@*Scapula

Glenoid cavity (fossa)
Coracoid process
Acromion process
Axillary (lateral) border
Vertebral (medial) border
Scapular spine

BRACHIUM:

@*Humerus

Head
Greater tubercle
Lesser tubercle
Deltoid tuberosity
Capitulum
Trochlea
Coronoid fossa
Radial fossa
Lateral epicondyle
Medial epicondyle
Olecranon fossa

FOREARM:

@*Ulna

Semilunar (trochlear) notch
Olecranon process
Coronoid process
Radial notch
Head
Styloid process

@*Radius

Head
Styloid process
Radial tuberosity
Ulnar notch

HAND AND WRIST:

Carpals

Proximal row: Scaphoid (navicular), Lunate, Triquetral (etc.), Pisiform
Say Loudly To Pam...

Distal row: Trapezium (greater multangular), Trapezoid (lesser multangular), Capitate, Hamate
Time To Come Home.

Metacarpals (I-V)

Phalanges (I-V; proximal, middle, distal)

PELVIC GIRDLE:

@*Pelvic bone (os coxa or innominate bone)

Ilium

Sacroiliac articular surfaces (auricular surfaces)
Acetabulum
Anterior superior iliac spine
Anterior inferior iliac spine
Posterior superior iliac spine
Posterior inferior iliac spine
Greater sciatic notch
Iliac crest

Ischium

Ischial spine
Lesser sciatic notch
Obturator foramen
Ischial tuberosity

Pubis

Symphysis pubis (pubic symphysis)

THIGH:

@*Femur

Head
Fovea capitis
Neck
Greater trochanter
Lesser trochanter
Gluteal tuberosity
Lateral condyle
Medial condyle
Linea aspera
Intercondylar fossa

@Patella

LEG:

@*Tibia

Medial condyle
Lateral condyle
Medial malleolus
Tibial tuberosity
Anterior crest

@Fibula

Head
Lateral malleolus

FOOT AND ANKLE: (note: see Hole text, pg. 240)

Tarsals:

@Talus

@Calcaneus

Cuneiforms {medial (I), middle (II), lateral (III)}

Cuboid

Navicular

Metatarsals (I-V)

Phalanges (I-V; proximal, middle, distal)

Sesamoid bones

* Be able to identify the following bones as being right or left:

Maxilla
Ulna
Temporal
Femur
Scapula
Tibia
Humerus
Os coxa (pelvic bone)
Radius

Knee Joint:

Be able to identify the following structures of the knee joint model:

Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament
Medial (tibial) collateral ligament
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
Posterior cruciate ligament
Lateral meniscus
Medial meniscus
Patellar ligament

Last Updated 05/26/06 

BIO 1007 Lab Checklists | BIO 1007 Resources | Mrs. Caley Opsal's Home | IVCC Home | Contact Us