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General Classification by
Function (i.e. degree of movement permitted)
*Classification by joint structure is shown in parentheses.
1. SYNARTHROSIS: no movement allowed
a. Suture- (fibrous joint)
examples: sagittal suture, coronal suture, etc.
b. Synchondrosis- (cartilaginous joint)
examples: metaphysis of growing bone; 1st rib with the sternum
c. Gomphosis- (fibrous joint) example: teeth in sockets
2. AMPHIARTHROSIS: slight movement allowed at the joint
a. Symphysis- (cartilaginous joint) examples: between vertebral bodies (intervertebral disc); symphysis pubis; sacroiliac joint
b. Syndesmosis- (fibrous joint) example: between tibia and fibula; interosseous ligament between radius and ulna
3. DIARTHROSIS: all of the diarthroses are freely moveable synovial joints
a. Ball and Socket- examples: hip and shoulder joints
b. Ellipsoidal (Condyloid)- examples: joints between the 2nd-5th metacarpals and the 2nd-5th proximal phalanges; also, the joint between the distal end of the radius and ulna with the carpals
c. Gliding- examples: intercarpal and intertarsal joints; between the superior and inferior articular processes of the vertebrae; the articulations of the vertebrosternal ribs with the vertebrae and sternum; the acromioclavicular (A-C) joint
d. Hinge- examples: elbow and knee joints; interphalangeal joints
e. Pivot- examples: head of the radius in the radial notch of the ulna; atlas-axis joint
f. Saddle- example: only found between the trapezium and the 1st metacarpal of the hand
Last Updated 06/15/06
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