BIO 1007 Seminar Objectives Unit 3
Note: There are two Nervous System Modules on your Interactive Physiology CD.
Ch. 8 The Nervous System
1. What organs make up the CNS and the PNS? Describe the functional divisions of the PNS.
2. Explain the structural classification and functional classification of neurons. Describe the general structure of a neuron and the function of its parts.
3. Name and describe the general functions of the four types of neuroglial ("glial") cells in the CNS. Name and describe the general functions of the two types of glial cells in the PNS.
4. Define: a) ganglia; b) nerves; c) centers; d) nuclei; e) neural cortex; f) tracts; g) ascending pathways; h) descending pathways; i) cauda equina; j) reticular activating system (RAS); and k) blood-brain barrier as they relate to the nervous system.
5. Describe the characteristics of a neuron with a resting membrane potential. Describe the changes that occur in the membrane during an action potential. Distinguish between an action potential and a graded potential.
6. Describe the events that occur at a cholinergic synapse. Consult your IP CD - Nervous System I section for assistance and your textbook.
7. Name the three meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord, and describe their general structure and functions.
8. Make a sketch of a cross section of the spinal cord and label the following parts: central canal, gray matter, white matter, dorsal root, ventral root, dorsal root ganglion, and spinal nerve.
9. Describe how cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is produced and its major functions. What structures produce this fluid? List the pathway of CSF movement starting with the lateral ventricles and ending with the superior sagittal sinus.
10. Describe the general structure of the cerebrum using the following terms: gyrus; sulcus; longitudinal fissure; cerebral cortex; cerebral hemispheres; lobes; corpus callosum.
11. Describe the general locations and functions of the following functional areas of the cerebrum: a) primary motor cortex; b) primary sensory cortex; c) visual cortex; d) gustatory cortex; e) auditory cortex; f) olfactory cortex; g) general interpretive area (Wernicke's Area); and h) speech center (Broca's area).
12. Describe the general functions of the basal nuclei and what role this part of the brain plays in Parkinson's Disease (Hint: Look ahead to the discussion of the midbrain's substantia nigra nucleus).
13. Name and describe the general functions of parts of the diencephalon and the brain stem.
14. Name the twelve pairs of cranial nerves in order, and describe one general function for each. What is a mnemonic phrase that can be used to remember the names of the cranial nerves in order?
15. Describe the difference between sensory nerves, motor nerves, and mixed nerves. Give a specific example for each of these three nerve types. Define the term nerve plexus as it relates to the cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral plexuses. What pairs of spinal nerves are typically included in each of these plexuses?
16. Sketch and explain the components of a 3-neuron reflex arc, such as the withdrawal reflex.
17. Describe the anatomical organization and general functions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS). What are some general characteristics of the preganglionic and postganglionic fibers of both divisions?
Last Updated 08/06/09
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